Lottery is a form of gambling in which participants pay a fee to enter a drawing for prizes ranging from cash to goods and services. Prizes are randomly selected by machines or human operators. The word “lottery” derives from the Middle Dutch noun lot (“fate”), which may have been a calque of the Middle French verb loterie (literally, “action of distributing lots”).
Lotteries are popular with state governments because they allow them to raise money without raising taxes or cutting other programs that are typically considered essential public services. They are also easy to organize and administer, a major factor in their broad appeal. In addition to their general desirability, lotteries tend to have strong support from specific constituencies, such as convenience store operators (who benefit from selling tickets); lottery suppliers (who frequently make large contributions to state political campaigns); teachers in states where lottery proceeds are earmarked for education; and, of course, state legislators, who are quick to rely on the revenues that result from lotteries.
Once a lottery is established, however, the focus of debate and criticism shifts from general desirability to more specific features of its operations, such as problems with compulsive gamblers and alleged regressive impacts on lower-income groups. Moreover, the very nature of lottery operations – which involve a continuous process of evolution and change – means that any policy decisions made at the outset are often overtaken by, or overwhelmed by, the continuing evolution of the industry.